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Stainless steel grades 18/0, 18/8, and 18/10 are food-grade materials commonly used as flatware. Besides domestic applications, these steels are valued by manufacturers for their durability, corrosion resistance, and thermal properties.
The labels 18/0, 18/8, and 18/10 reflect their metal content. The first number, ‘18’, indicates the chromium percentage while the second denotes the nickel content. These variations alter their physical and mechanical properties. But how exactly?
Continue reading to find out how 18/0, 18/8, and 18/10 stainless steels differ. This article will compare their elemental composition, grade, physical and mechanical properties, cost, and applications.
What is 18/10 Stainless Steel?
18/10 stainless steel is commercially known as Type 304. It is a higher-end version of stainless steel, containing 18% chromium and 10% nickel. It has the highest amount of nickel, which gives it a bright appealing finish and durability. This is why it’s often used for quality flatware and high-end kitchen appliances.
In manufacturing terms, 18/10 stainless steel is made by melting all the alloying elements inside a furnace, decarburizing them, and then molding them to the desired shape.
18/10’s higher nickel content gives many desired properties but also adds on cost. It is non-magnetic and harder to machine relative to others. Although 18/19 is corrosion-resistant, it cannot endure saltwater environments.
What is 18/8 Stainless Steel?
18/8 stainless steel also belongs to the same commercial steel grade 304. But this one has a slightly lower nickel content, precisely 8%. Like 18/10 stainless steel, it belongs to the austenitic stainless steel family, known for its non-magnetic nature and excellent corrosion resistance. It cannot undergo heat treatment.
The manufacturing process is similar to 18/10 steel with a slightly lower proportion of nickel content. However, since the composition doesn’t differ much, most properties overlap. It’s food-safe and one of the common stainless steels for flatware. Another edge is its comparatively lower cost than 18/10.
What is 18/0 Stainless Steel?
18/0 comes from a class, Grade 430, as in the AISI system. It contains no nickel but the same 18% chromium content. It is not corrosion resistant as the other two. However, the cost is not too high as well.
18/0 stainless steel is magnetic and its affordability compared to the other two makes it a common choice for budget-friendly flatware.
Comparing 18/8, 18/10, and 18/0: The Key Differences
The earlier sections gave brief information about each stainless steel type. Now, let’s breakdown things further and see how each one differs:
Composition
All three grades contain the same percentage of chromium – 18%. However, the nickel content varies among these grades, which is reflected in their names. 18/8 stainless steel has 8% nickel, 18/10 has 10% nickel, while 18/0 contains no nickel at all. Nickel is responsible for the property changes that follow.
Grade/Series
Two of the stainless steel grades, 18/8 and 18/10, fall into the 300 series, specifically under Grade 304. This category is characterized by an austenitic mix, known for its excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced formability, and high durability.In contrast, 18/0 stainless steel is part of the 400 series, specifically Grade 430, a ferritic variety distinct from the 300 series. It is magnetic, more cost-effective due to the absence of nickel, and offers moderate corrosion resistance.
Physical Properties
The shine and luster are functions of nickel content – the more it is the brighter the steel is. Stainless steel 18/10 is on the top list with a much brighter surface finish. It’s followed by 18/8 and then 18/0, which exhibits a less lustrous finish due to a lack of chromium.
As for weight, it’s similar in all three iron is a predominant entity. 18/10 may feel a bit sturdy, but in reality, the weight difference is negligible.
Mechanical and Machining Properties
Steel grade 18/10 is considered the strongest among the three due to its higher nickel content, which enhances its corrosion resistance and contributes to greater overall strength. Whereas, 18/0 has least strength among the three.
Corrosion resistance also follows the same trend among three and for the same reason. However, the machinability is completely opposite to it. Stainless steel 18/0 is easier to machine due to its ferritic nature whereas 18/10 is hardest to machine.
Cost
Nickel is an expensive alloying element, so its amount provides a good estimate of costs. 18/10 steel, having the most amount of nickel, is the most expensive grade of all. 18/8 is bit cheaper than 18/8 but higher than 18/0. Among the three steels, 18/0 is the cheapest.
Applications
18/0 stainless steel is commonly used for budget flatware and household utensils. Its magnetic properties make it suitable for motors and appliances that can utilize magnetic functionality.
18/8 steel offers a balance of durability and resistance to corrosion. So, it also used for everyday kitchenware, professional cookware, and marine applications.
18/10 is preferred for high-end cookware, cutlery, and kitchen appliances due to its excellent corrosion resistance and high durability. Medical instruments also rely on this steel.
| Property | 18/0 Stainless Steel | 18/8 Stainless Steel | 18/10 Stainless Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel Content | 0% | 8% | 10% |
| Commercial Grade | 430 | 304 | 304 |
| Series | 400 Series (Ferritic) | 300 Series (Austenitic) | 300 Series (Austenitic) |
| Physical Properties | Less lustrous, magnetic | More lustrous, non-magnetic | Most lustrous, non-magnetic |
| Strength | Good | Moderate | High |
| Corrosion Resistance | Moderate | High resistance | Highest resistance |
| Machinability | Easiest to machine | Moderate machinability | Most challenging to machine |
| Cost | Affordable | Moderate | Most expensive |
| Applications | Budget flatware | Kitchen utensils, marine applications, food processing equipment | High-end cookware, cutlery, medical instruments |
How Richconn Can Help?
Stainless steel is a valuable material in both domestic and commercial settings due to its durability and corrosion resistance. if you need machining services specifically for stainless steel or any other common metals like aluminum, copper, or nickel, Richconn is here to assist. At Richconn, we offer comprehensive CNC metal machining services that meet industry standards and precision requirements. It doesn’t matter if your project is large or small. Just contact us and bring your ideas to life.
