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Looking for a robust metal joining method? Riveting is your go-to option. But are rivets suitable for every metal and application? The answer is a big No.
Rivets can be of different sizes and made with varying metals. So, we bought you the most popular 13 rivet types. List them out and note down which rivets go best with your application needs.
What Is Rivets?
Rivets are pins that join metal sheets together. It has one head end, which is hammered or pushed to let the other ends insert the metal pieces and thus join them. It usually requires a pre-hole-drilling, through which the rivet is inserted.
Using rivets, you get a permanent fastening solution, unlike temporary joints of screws or bolts. It offers high strength, which is suitable for structural application. Rivets can be made of different materials like- copper, Steel, plastic, wood, etc. Based on application requirements, it also has design variations.
How Does Rivet Work?
Rivets are designed with a head and a flat end. The middle part of the body is known as the rivet pin. First, you need to drill holes in the metal pieces in an aligned way as you want to join them together. The rivet end is then inserted into the pre-drilled holes of one side of the metal pieces.
Next, with the help of a hammer, you have to hit the rivet head or press it to insert the full rivet into the holes. Hammer the rivet head until the end comes out from the other side of the metal Pisces. Now, hammer it to deform the pointed end and bend it to the metal surface to secure the rivet. Thus, the rivet creates a permanent joint between the metal pieces.
13 Types Of Rivets
1. Solid Rivets
Solid rivets are used in heavy-duty applications like bridges, ships, and other large installations. These rivets consist of a head and a shank. The head is inserted in the pre-drilled holes, and then the other end is deformed to give it the desired head shape for sealing the rivet.
Sometimes, the rivet is also heated to ensure a more robust joint. Due to heat application, the holes are filled and get blended with the joining metal pieces.
2. Blind Rivets (Pop Rivets)
Blind rivets are your go-to option when you don’t have access to the backside of the joining metals. These rivets are very identical as they contain a thick shank and a thinner rod known as the stem. You need to hold the stem with the rivet gun and insert the shank into the pre-drilled holes. Next, pull the stem that will spread out the shank and tighten the metal pieces together with a pop-like sound. This is why blind rivets are also known as pop rivets.
They can be of different types; these are as follows:
a. Pull-Mandrel Rivets
Pull-mandrel rivets are used to join lightweight metal or plastic. These rivets have a mandel at one end that you need to pull using a rivet tool, allowing the body to expand. This snaps off the Mandel and locks it.
b. Threaded Rivets
Threaded rivets are also known as rivet nuts. They have internal threads that allow bolts or screw attachment. First, you need to insert threaded rivets into pre-drilled holes and then compress it to form a secured threaded anchor. You can easily secure a bolt or screw in these threads.
These rivets are used in applications that require replacement or are frequently removed, such as automobile parts or electronics.
c. Drive-Pin Rivets
Drive-pin rivets are popular for decorative and architectural applications. They have short heads that can easily pass -existing holes without requiring precise or deep drilling. You can easily set them to hitting with a hammer. However, drive-pin rivets have lesser camping force than other blind rivet variants.
3. Tubular Rivets
Tubular rivets are made of ductile metals and are used for commercial applications where low-strength and lightweight fastening is enough. These rivets have a solid head on one side and a hollow end on the other.
To install these tubular rivets, you need to pass the head through the hole of the joining metal and cold-form (press or hammer) it to create a second head. Thus, it will secure the materials. Tubular rivets can be of three types; these are as follows:
a. Compression Tubular Rivets
Compression tubular rivets are widely used in leather, fabric, or plastic, and aesthetic appeal is important from both sides. These rivets have two parts that lock each other just as a clip does. Firstly, you need to take the larger part of the compression rivet and insert it into the hole of the joining metal. Next, the hollow end of the smaller part is compressed to the hollow part of the larger part.
Thus, two parts are sealed and locked, joining the material/metal pieces. This leaves a smooth and clean finish, making compression tubular rivets suitable for decorative applications.
b. Semi-Tubular Rivets
Semi-tubular rivets have a partially hollow end having a depth of 1.12 times the diameter of the shank. It requires less cramping force to create the second head, so installation is much easier than using solid rivets. Besides, they provide a more robust connection than full-tubular rivets. You will find the use of semi-tubular rivets in mechanical assemblies, such as brakes, ladders, or electronics.
c. Full Tubular Rivets
The hollow end of the full-tubular rivets runs deeper than semi-tubular rivets. Such a large hollow section makes them weaker than semi-tubular rivets. However, you can use these for applications that require minimal load-bearing, such as packaging, crafts, or decorations.
4. Split Rivets (Bifurcated Rivets)
Split rivets are designed to be used with soft and lightweight materials like fabric or leather. The body of these rivets is split into two or more prongs that spread as inserted through the holes. You can easily install split rivets as they require no drilling; the ends of the prongs are sharp enough for self-piercing soft materials.
5. Flush Rivets (Countersink Rivets)
Flush rivets have tapped heads that sit completely flush with the metal surface. As the head blends with the metal surface, it helps reduce the aerodynamic drag and turbulence. This makes flush rivets suitable for applications where air or fluid flow is a concern. For instance, flush rivets are used in aircraft, automotive, and marine industries.
6. Flat Head Rivet
The head of these rivets are flat, but unlike flush rivets, they don’t completely flush into the surface; the head remains visible. Flat head rivets are used for applications where load is distributed over large areas. For example, these are used in construction, woodworking, etc. Using flat head rivets, you won’t get the smooth surface finish of flush rivets, but they are more robust.
7. Self-Piercing Rivets
Self-piercing rivets are used in applications where it is impossible to make pilot holes. They have a sharp point that cuts through the upper layer of the joining material, making holes. So, no drilling hassles are required for self-piercing rivets. They are made of different materials and available in a wide range of sizes. You can find these rivets used to join lightweight and strong materials like aluminum and composites in aerospace.
8. Friction Lock Rivet
Friction lock rivets are similar to blind rivets. However, they have a special mandrel and body design that creates a tight connection between the rivet and the material surfaces. The robust locking mechanism of friction lock rivet makes it a popular option for construction and heavy machinery where reliable, long-lasting fastening is required. It also resists loosening due to vibration.
9. Cherry Rivets
Cherry rivets are high-strength rivets used for industrial applications. They are made of robust materials like stainless steel, titanium alloys, and aluminum. The head of the rivet includes a doom, and the body has a spiral texture that provides a better grip. Around the stem, above the head of the rivet, it features a locking collar. This secures the stem and prevents loosening from vibrations or external forces.
These rivets are widely used in construction, automobiles, and military equipment for their high strength and reliability.
10. Snap-Head Rivet
Snap-head joints offer permanent connections between metal sheets. The shank of the rivet is cylindrical and has a uniform diameter of 1.6 inches. Its dom-shaped head of 0.7 inches long distributes the load across a border surface, reducing the stress on the rivet.
You can use them in applications requiring maximum stretch, e.g., manufacturing and construction. Snap-head rivets are available in different materials like stainless steel, copper, aluminum, etc. Based on your application needs, you can choose the most suitable ones.
11. Mushroom Head Rivets
Mushroom head rivets have a larger head than the snap-head rivets. Such a larger head reduces material stress by evenly distributing the load. Therefore, you can use these rivets for applications requiring higher strength. They are durable and resistant to wear, corrosion, and extreme conditions.
12. Pan Head Rivets
As the name says, the head of the rivet is shaped like an upside-down fry pan. These pins are ideal for applications where a low-profile but robust fastening is required. You will get a neat visual using these pins as they have a flat top head. Pan head rivets are suitable for applications like electronics, furniture, automobiles, etc.
13. Grooved Rivets
Grooved rivets have a cylindrical shape body with multiple annular grooves (rings) around the shank. This gives a gripping mechanism to the rivet. So, in soft or compressible materials, grooved rivets show long-lasting fastening. These are widely used in woodworking, packaging, and display.
Types Of Rivet Material
1. Aluminum
Aluminum is known for its lightweight features. So, in applications where weight is a concern, e.g., aircraft, aluminum rivets are the best choice. Besides, the high malleability of this metal makes it suitable for complex rivet structures.
2. Steel
Regarding high strength and heavy-duty application, steel rivets are an ideal pick. Here, carbon content is a crucial factor. Steel rivets with higher carbon content are harder and more rigid. For more flexibility, go for low-carbon steel rivets.
3. Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is known for its high corrosion resistance. So, rivets made of stainless steel are best for applications that deal with harsh environments that have higher moisture content. Some grades of stainless steel are also chlorine-resistant. For instance, 316 stainless steel rivets are ideal for marine applications.
4. Copper
The rivets used in electrical appliances are mostly made of copper. You can use these rivets for applications that require high thermal and electrical conductivity. Besides, copper rivets are malleable and easy to deform during installation.
5. Carbon Steel
If you are looking for a rivet with high strength at an affordable price, carbon steel is an excellent choice. They are available in low, medium, and high grades. You can use them for heavy-duty applications like construction, manufacturing machinery, etc. However, carbon steel needs a coating to protect it from rusting.
6. Brass
Brass rivets are made with an alloy of copper and zinc. They have excellent corrosion-resistant properties. Besides, they are non-sparkling and give good aesthetic appeal when used to join metals. This is why brass rivets are mostly used for decorative purposes and musical instruments.
7. Titanium
Considering the strength-to-weight ratio, titanium is an excellent metal for rivets. They are very lightweight but have greater strength. The most amazing property of these rivets is their high corrosion resistance; titanium rivets can even withstand saltwater.
Besides, they are also high-temperature tolerant. However, titanium, being extremely expensive, is only used in high-performance applications, e.g., aerospace and marine.
8. Monel
Monel is an alloy of nickel and copper. If you need rivets for acidic and saltwater environments, monel is the metal to go for. Though they are more expensive than other materials, monel can withstand harsh environments and has non-magnetic properties. Monel rivets are widely used in marine, chemical processing, and oil industries.
9. Plastic
Plastic rivets are lightweight and resistant to moisture, chemicals, and UV light. These are made from durable plastics like nylon or polypropylene. The most common applications for plastic rivets include- furniture assembly, electronics, and other lightweight applications.
10. Zinc-Plated
Steel rivets coated with zinc provide additional protection against corrosion resistance. They offer you a cost-effective solution for when you need anti-corrosion property. However, they are not as collision-resistant as stainless steel. But you can use them for general outdoor applications, automotive, etc.
How To Select The Right Rivet Type?
Rivet Head Shape
The rivet is the visible part after installation. Therefore, it is directly linked to the visual appearance of the metal piece. Below, we have added a chart for different rivet head types, their features, and suitable applications:
| Rivet Head Type | Feature & Application |
|---|---|
| Round Head Rivet | – Domed shape – Provides a neat finished surface – Suitable for general application |
| Flat Head Rivet | – Provides flush surface after installation – Ideal for a smooth and low-profile finish – Common application: aerospace or automotive |
| Countersunk Head Rivet | – Features a tapered head – Sit flush with the surface – Common applications: aircraft or automotive industries |
| Dome Head Rivet | – Similar to roundhead rivet but of high-profile – Used where more visibility and aesthetic appeal are required |
| Large Flange Head Rivet | – A wider base provides greater surface coverage – Ideal for construction or structural work |
| Snap Head Rivet | – Features a rounded or mushroom-like head – Ideal for decorative or lightweight applications |
Choose Rivet Material Based On Application
Not all rivet materials provide you with the same stretch. For instance, steel rivets are suitable for heavy-duty applications, whereas aluminum rivets are best for lightweight application needs.
You should also consider the material for the body and pin of the rivet; they can be made of different materials. For instance, an aluminum rivet has less strength. But if the pin is made of steel and the body is made of aluminum, its strength is extended. Again, for high strength, you can choose a rivet with a stainless steel rivet body with a steel or stainless steel pin.
However, make sure the metal of the rivet is compatible with the metals you are joining. For best results, always match the rivet material with the joining metal type. For instance, to join stainless steel metal sheets, use stainless steel rivets.
Differences in metal can increase galvanic corrosion. For instance, using a stainless steel rivet for aluminum sheets is not a good option.
| Rivet Type | Steel | Aluminum | Copper | Brass | Stainless Steel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stainless Steel | ⬛ | ⬛ | Ok | Ok | Ok |
| Steel | Ok | No | No | No | No |
| Aluminum | ⬛ | Ok | No | No | No |
| Copper | No | No | Ok | Ok | Ok |
Ok = Compatible
No = Incompatible; don’t use them together
⬛= compatible in rural and mild environments (can face corrosion in industrial or marine environments. Painting or coating can reduce its effect.)
Grip Range Of Rivet Material
The depth up to which the rivet can effectively get into the joining metal pisces is known by its grip. However, it doesn’t refer to the length of the rivet. A rivet has a grip ranging from 0.5mm to 1.6m, which means that the rivet is designed to join metal having a combined thickness of 0.5mm to 1.6mm.
If you use them for material with less thickness than the minimum grip range, the rivets will get loose. And if the thickness is more than the maximum grip value, it won’t seat properly.
For the best result, always choose a mid-range grip; this will ensure better strength and long-lasting performance. For instance, rivets with a grip range of 0.5mm to 1.6mm are best for materials around 1.05mm thick.
Besides, the grip also differs for different rivet types. Below, we have added the grip ranges for blind rivet:
Grip Code | Grip Range (Inches) | Grip Range (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.020″ – 0.063″ | 0.5mm – 1.6mm |
| 2 | 0.063″ – 0.125″ | 1.6mm – 3.2mm |
| 3 | 0.125″ – 0.187″ | 3.2mm – 4.8mm |
| 4 | 0.187″ – 0.250″ | 4.8mm – 6.4mm |
| 5 | 0.250″ – 0.312″ | 6.4mm – 7.9mm |
| 6 | 0.312″ – 0.375″ | 7.9mm – 9.5mm |
| 8 | 0.375″ – 0.500″ | 9.5mm – 12.7mm |
| 10 | 0.500″ – 0.625″ | 12.7mm – 15.9mm |
| 12 | 0.625″ – 0.750″ | 15.9mm – 19.1mm |
| 14 | 0.750″ – 0.875″ | 19.1mm – 22.2mm |
| 16 | 0.875″ – 1.000″ | 22.2mm – 25.4mm |
| 20 | 1.000″ – 1.250″ | 25.4mm – 31.8mm |
Size Of Hole & Rivet’s Diameter
If the size of the hole is greater than the diameter, your rivet will surely loosen. Again, if it’s too small, the rivet won’t get inside. So, you must consider the diameter of the rivet before drilling holes.
The thumb rule for selecting rivet diameter is that the diameter should be three times the thickness of the metal. For heavy-duty applications, larger diameter rivets are used to ensure high strength. Smaller diameter rivets are used for lightweight applications. The chart below will clear up the diameter and hole-size relation:
Diameter & Hole Size
| Diameter Code | Body Diameter | Recommended Hole-Diameter |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | 6.4mm | 6.5mm |
| 6 | 4.8mm | 4.9mm |
| 5 | 4.0mm | 4.1mm |
| 4 | 3.2mm | 3.3mm |
| 3 | 2.4mm | 2.5mm |
Application Of Rivet
Aerospace
Aluminum rivets are widely used in aerospace for their lightweight feature. Aircraft parts are mostly made of aluminum and are not so compatible with other welding techniques. So, rivets are a crucial element for joining parts.
Sports Equipment
Whether its bicycle frames, skateboards or ski binding, rivets are widely used in sports equipment. As sports equipment deals with high impacts, rivets ensure solid joints to keep the parts intact.
Automotive Industry
Automotive parts, mela sheets and plastics are joined using rivets. Steel and aluminum rivets are most commonly used in the automobile industry.
Construction
Rivets offer robust joints that facilitate construction needs. They are suitable for connecting both wooden and metal materials. Besides architectural construction, you can also use them for joining lockers, cabinets, and shelves.
Jewelry Industry
Metallic jewelry pisces are assembled using rivets in a cold joining process. Thus, in the jewelry industry, rivets are an excellent alternative to welding. So, rivets are a practical fabrication method to ensure solid joints in jewelry parts.
Alternatives to Rivets
Clips and Clamps
Clips and clamps are great alternatives to rivets for flexibility in assembly and disassembly. They are easy to install and can hold metal pieces together permanently or temporarily. However, rivets are more suitable for heavy-duty applications than clips and clamps.
Bolts and Nuts
Bolts and nuts are widely used in structural assemblies and applications where precise torque and adjustment are required. So, you can use these as an alternative to rivets as they provide a strong connection.
Adhesives
In general applications where drilling or holing is not possible, you can go for adhesives. They can be in tape form or liquid glue form. This is a great alternative for ensuring smooth and neat visual appearance. However, they are only applicable for joining lightweight materials like plastic, board, etc.
Self-Clinching Studs
If the material thickness is not compatible or you don’t get enough access to the metal pisces, self-clinching studs are a great alternative to rivets. Simply press the studs into the material, and the pieces will be fastened together.
Welding
For a permanent joint, welding is a better alternative to rivet in many application cases. This melts down the metal pieces and joins them permanently, providing an even finish. Besides, it required no drilling or holes. You can choose this alternative where high strength and durability are required.
Snap-Fit Joints
Snap-fit joints need no external fasteners. You can use these joints for plastic and composite assemblies as an alternative to rivets. They ensure proper flexibility and are also easy to install.
Standoffs
Using standoffs, you can create a raised connection between two surfaces. These can be used as a rivet alternative for mounting circuit boards, panels, and other components where spacing is essential.
Staples
The rivet is not suitable for thin and lightweight materials like fabric for upholstery. In this case, staples are a great alternative.
What Is the Difference Between a Blind Rivet and a Pop Rivet?
The blind rivet and pop rivet are used to refer to the same type of rivet. Blind rivets are the rivets that don’t need access to both sides of the metals. You can join the metal pieces from one side.
The name pop rivet mostly came from the rivet brand Pop®. Besides, these rivets create a pop sound when locked.
Advantages Of Rivets
- Easy to install
- Accessible: most rivets require access of only one side
- Affordable; cheaper than bolt nut joints
- High strength
Limitations Of Rivets
- Not suitable for applications requiring dissembling
- Not leak proof
- Not as strong as welding
Wrapping Up
Before choosing any rivets, consider their diameter, material, grip value, and application. The rivet you select must have enough strength to hold the load capacity. Besides, the environment is also a crucial factor in selecting the rivet material.
However, whatever metal you choose for rivets- stainless steel, steel, aluminum, copper, or any other material- RICHCONN CNC machining services can provide you with all of them. So, contact us to get your desired rivet manufactured by one of the most professional CNC machining companies in China.
FAQs
Which is the most common rivet type?
The widely used rivets are the solid ones. They have a very basic structure- a head and a solid body. You can use them in bridges, ships, aerospace, and more.
What is the diameter of a rivet?
Rivets are available in different diameters. They can be as small as 2.4mm in diameter to large as 7.16 mm. You need to choose the diameter based on the thickness and application of the metal sheets.
Which material is best for rivet material?
The best rivet material entirely depends on its application and metal type. For lightweight requirements, aluminum rivets work best. Again, for high stretch requirements, stainless steel is good to go.
Are rivets permanent or temporary?
Rivets are mostly permanent. However, some rivets, like split rivets or snap rivets, can be removed easily.
